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chartistkao1
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21-Jun-2023 11:26     
 
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 Alert Admin 		https://www.smrt.com.sg/Portals/0/PDFs/Annual%20Reports/2001_SR.pdf

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 11:22) Posted:

Temasek sold shares in SMRT in July 2000, pricing the initial public offering at 61 Singapore cents to raise about S$300 million. The share sale was part of the government' s bid to loosen its control of the economy. The stock failed to enthuse investors on its debut, gaining just 0.1 percent.20 Jul 2016
https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/smrt-shareholders-give-thumbs-up-to-temasek-buyout-offer-after-voting-to


chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 11:13) Posted:

the listing of singapore transport firms controlled by one strong entity
TIBS and SMRT engaged in failed merger talks in 1999. In July 2001, SMRT launched a takeover bid for TIBS that was accepted. The transaction was completed in December 2001, with TIBS being operated as a wholly owned subsidiary. As part of a corporate rebranding programme, TIBS was rebranded as SMRT Buses in May 2004.
Why would a profitable, well-managed railway company buy a bus service certain to see declining ridership in the next decade?
That is a question investors have been asking since SMRT, which operates Singapore' s mass rapid-transit system, announced a 194 million Singapore dollar (US$107.2 million) takeover bid for bus and taxi company TIBS Holding on July 9. It isn' t the first time investors have asked that question. The two companies did the merger dance in 1999 when then-private SMRT had intended to use publicly traded TIBS as a backdoor listing vehicle. That deal collapsed, analysts say, mainly because the price wasn' t right. Publicly, though, SMRT officials said they decided instead to seek a listing on the stock exchange first.
 
SMRT listed on the Singapore stock exchange in July 2000. Listing independently gave SMRT the advantage this time around of not overpaying for TIBS' s publicly listed status. So, in that sense, you could say that SMRT came out the winner in this deal. (The deal is pending approval from TIBS shareholders.)
Daily Closes
But that still doesn' t answer why it makes good business sense for SMRT to buy TIBS. An obvious problem is that Singapore' s market is a small one. Even if transport companies diversify locally, " the growth of commuter traffic is pedestrian," says Kevin Scully, director of online investment adviser Netresearch-Asia.com.
With Singapore planning to build 540 kilometers (335 miles) of railway lines by 2030, bus service will likely dwindle in significance. Major bus routes will be made redundant. Buses would be used only as less profitable feeder services that take commuters the short distances from the train station to their homes, some analysts say.
TIBS recognized this a few years back and tried to expand into the rail business on its own. It sent its senior executives abroad for training in rail-line management. Its hopes to diversify were shattered two years ago when it lost a bid to its bus rival, Singapore Bus Services, to run the North-East railway line, which will cut diagonally through the central part of the country and shorten commute times for people coming in and out of the city for work from their housing developments.
The next lifeline for TIBS would be the bidding for the Marina line at the end of this year, but the first phase of the railway line won' t be completed until 2005, according to the Land Transport Authority. When completed, the Marina line will stretch from the city center to the eastern part of Singapore. When linked with other rail projects in the pipeline, it will be possible for riders to reach virtually all parts of the island-state without having to come all the way into the city.
TIBS appeared to have few choices in the long run, some analysts say. An analyst at a foreign investment house says with coverage of only 20% of Singapore' s bus network, " it can' t survive on its own." After all, Singapore Bus Services covers the remaining 80% of the island network. Only a merger, or allowing TIBS to run the more profitable train lines, can keep it in business.
 
Enter SMRT.
The government in its 1996 White Paper on Land Transport explicitly encourages transportation companies to pursue a multichannel business model and urges them to consolidate to give Singapore " world-class transportation services." In May 1999, then-Communications Minister Mah Bow Tan said SMRT was merging with TIBS, a move that surprised the public and financial analysts. He quickly added that he was only speaking on behalf of SMRT. In the five months that followed, the two transport companies kept quiet about the terms of a possible merger deal. Local media reported that the two parties were haggling over the price of the deal, which was never publicized.
After that first bid failed, the government came out and said it wasn' t trying to force a wedding between TIBS and SMRT. But some analysts speculate that the government, which owns 67.2% of SMRT, did nudge forward this most recent bid.
From a purely commercial point of view, it is difficult for many financial analysts to see the benefits of merging the two companies. As the railway route expands and bus services become less vital to commuters' daily travels, SMRT would essentially be cannibalizing its newly acquired TIBS bus routes. " I' d actually be much happier if they looked overseas," says an analyst at a foreign investment house. " Why not look at Thailand or Malaysia?"
But if you believe that this merger is motivated by the Singapore government, Kwok-Wing Cheong of UBS Warburg says " there has to be something in it for SMRT... . You have to ask why one listed company should be making sacrifices for another listed company... . Obviously, it' s for the Marina line."
" If you think SMRT has done its homework, you will know that it' s a positive deal for them. It puts them in a good position to be awarded the Marina line," Mr. Cheong added.
And that means a steady rise in income for the railway company in the long run. For now, TIBS' s existing bus routes would compliment SMRT' s own night bus services, which operate from about midnight until 4 a.m., after the last MRT train runs.
Assuming the merger goes through -- TIBS' s main shareholder and managing director, Ng Ser Miang, who controls 41.2% of TIBS, has said he will vote in favor of it -- SMRT will instantly gain a bus ridership of about 800,000 a day, or roughly 25% of bus ridership on the island. The long-term benefits will likely offset an expected slowdown in SMRT earnings for fiscal year 2002, when SMRT has to pay a hefty sum back to the Land Transport Authority for its 30-year license to operate existing railway lines.
For G. K. Goh Securities, these factors are convincing enough to maintain a buy recommendation for SMRT. Besides, if you look at SMRT' s dividend policy of paying out 50% of its net profit, analysts say, it could be a good bet in this economic downturn. So even for analysts skeptical of the value of the TIBS-SMRT merger, the recommendation is to accumulate in the long-term.
 
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chartistkao1
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21-Jun-2023 11:22     
 
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 Alert Admin
Temasek sold shares in SMRT in July 2000, pricing the initial public offering at 61 Singapore cents to raise about S$300 million. The share sale was part of the government' s bid to loosen its control of the economy. The stock failed to enthuse investors on its debut, gaining just 0.1 percent.20 Jul 2016
https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/smrt-shareholders-give-thumbs-up-to-temasek-buyout-offer-after-voting-to


chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 11:13) Posted:

the listing of singapore transport firms controlled by one strong entity
TIBS and SMRT engaged in failed merger talks in 1999. In July 2001, SMRT launched a takeover bid for TIBS that was accepted. The transaction was completed in December 2001, with TIBS being operated as a wholly owned subsidiary. As part of a corporate rebranding programme, TIBS was rebranded as SMRT Buses in May 2004.
Why would a profitable, well-managed railway company buy a bus service certain to see declining ridership in the next decade?
That is a question investors have been asking since SMRT, which operates Singapore' s mass rapid-transit system, announced a 194 million Singapore dollar (US$107.2 million) takeover bid for bus and taxi company TIBS Holding on July 9. It isn' t the first time investors have asked that question. The two companies did the merger dance in 1999 when then-private SMRT had intended to use publicly traded TIBS as a backdoor listing vehicle. That deal collapsed, analysts say, mainly because the price wasn' t right. Publicly, though, SMRT officials said they decided instead to seek a listing on the stock exchange first.
 
SMRT listed on the Singapore stock exchange in July 2000. Listing independently gave SMRT the advantage this time around of not overpaying for TIBS' s publicly listed status. So, in that sense, you could say that SMRT came out the winner in this deal. (The deal is pending approval from TIBS shareholders.)
Daily Closes
But that still doesn' t answer why it makes good business sense for SMRT to buy TIBS. An obvious problem is that Singapore' s market is a small one. Even if transport companies diversify locally, " the growth of commuter traffic is pedestrian," says Kevin Scully, director of online investment adviser Netresearch-Asia.com.
With Singapore planning to build 540 kilometers (335 miles) of railway lines by 2030, bus service will likely dwindle in significance. Major bus routes will be made redundant. Buses would be used only as less profitable feeder services that take commuters the short distances from the train station to their homes, some analysts say.
TIBS recognized this a few years back and tried to expand into the rail business on its own. It sent its senior executives abroad for training in rail-line management. Its hopes to diversify were shattered two years ago when it lost a bid to its bus rival, Singapore Bus Services, to run the North-East railway line, which will cut diagonally through the central part of the country and shorten commute times for people coming in and out of the city for work from their housing developments.
The next lifeline for TIBS would be the bidding for the Marina line at the end of this year, but the first phase of the railway line won' t be completed until 2005, according to the Land Transport Authority. When completed, the Marina line will stretch from the city center to the eastern part of Singapore. When linked with other rail projects in the pipeline, it will be possible for riders to reach virtually all parts of the island-state without having to come all the way into the city.
TIBS appeared to have few choices in the long run, some analysts say. An analyst at a foreign investment house says with coverage of only 20% of Singapore' s bus network, " it can' t survive on its own." After all, Singapore Bus Services covers the remaining 80% of the island network. Only a merger, or allowing TIBS to run the more profitable train lines, can keep it in business.
 
Enter SMRT.
The government in its 1996 White Paper on Land Transport explicitly encourages transportation companies to pursue a multichannel business model and urges them to consolidate to give Singapore " world-class transportation services." In May 1999, then-Communications Minister Mah Bow Tan said SMRT was merging with TIBS, a move that surprised the public and financial analysts. He quickly added that he was only speaking on behalf of SMRT. In the five months that followed, the two transport companies kept quiet about the terms of a possible merger deal. Local media reported that the two parties were haggling over the price of the deal, which was never publicized.
After that first bid failed, the government came out and said it wasn' t trying to force a wedding between TIBS and SMRT. But some analysts speculate that the government, which owns 67.2% of SMRT, did nudge forward this most recent bid.
From a purely commercial point of view, it is difficult for many financial analysts to see the benefits of merging the two companies. As the railway route expands and bus services become less vital to commuters' daily travels, SMRT would essentially be cannibalizing its newly acquired TIBS bus routes. " I' d actually be much happier if they looked overseas," says an analyst at a foreign investment house. " Why not look at Thailand or Malaysia?"
But if you believe that this merger is motivated by the Singapore government, Kwok-Wing Cheong of UBS Warburg says " there has to be something in it for SMRT... . You have to ask why one listed company should be making sacrifices for another listed company... . Obviously, it' s for the Marina line."
" If you think SMRT has done its homework, you will know that it' s a positive deal for them. It puts them in a good position to be awarded the Marina line," Mr. Cheong added.
And that means a steady rise in income for the railway company in the long run. For now, TIBS' s existing bus routes would compliment SMRT' s own night bus services, which operate from about midnight until 4 a.m., after the last MRT train runs.
Assuming the merger goes through -- TIBS' s main shareholder and managing director, Ng Ser Miang, who controls 41.2% of TIBS, has said he will vote in favor of it -- SMRT will instantly gain a bus ridership of about 800,000 a day, or roughly 25% of bus ridership on the island. The long-term benefits will likely offset an expected slowdown in SMRT earnings for fiscal year 2002, when SMRT has to pay a hefty sum back to the Land Transport Authority for its 30-year license to operate existing railway lines.
For G. K. Goh Securities, these factors are convincing enough to maintain a buy recommendation for SMRT. Besides, if you look at SMRT' s dividend policy of paying out 50% of its net profit, analysts say, it could be a good bet in this economic downturn. So even for analysts skeptical of the value of the TIBS-SMRT merger, the recommendation is to accumulate in the long-term.
 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:47) Posted:

sg highly speculative' s casino stocks
Market Summary  >   Singapore Airlines Ltd
7.49 SGD +0.070 (0.94%)
today
https://thesmartinvestor.com.sg/4-singapore-stocks-are-surging-to-their-52-week-highs-can-they-continue-to-do-well
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chartistkao1
Supreme
21-Jun-2023 11:13     
 
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 Alert Admin 		the listing of singapore transport firms controlled by one strong entity
TIBS and SMRT engaged in failed merger talks in 1999. In July 2001, SMRT launched a takeover bid for TIBS that was accepted. The transaction was completed in December 2001, with TIBS being operated as a wholly owned subsidiary. As part of a corporate rebranding programme, TIBS was rebranded as SMRT Buses in May 2004.
Why would a profitable, well-managed railway company buy a bus service certain to see declining ridership in the next decade?
That is a question investors have been asking since SMRT, which operates Singapore' s mass rapid-transit system, announced a 194 million Singapore dollar (US$107.2 million) takeover bid for bus and taxi company TIBS Holding on July 9. It isn' t the first time investors have asked that question. The two companies did the merger dance in 1999 when then-private SMRT had intended to use publicly traded TIBS as a backdoor listing vehicle. That deal collapsed, analysts say, mainly because the price wasn' t right. Publicly, though, SMRT officials said they decided instead to seek a listing on the stock exchange first.
 
SMRT listed on the Singapore stock exchange in July 2000. Listing independently gave SMRT the advantage this time around of not overpaying for TIBS' s publicly listed status. So, in that sense, you could say that SMRT came out the winner in this deal. (The deal is pending approval from TIBS shareholders.)
Daily Closes
But that still doesn' t answer why it makes good business sense for SMRT to buy TIBS. An obvious problem is that Singapore' s market is a small one. Even if transport companies diversify locally, " the growth of commuter traffic is pedestrian," says Kevin Scully, director of online investment adviser Netresearch-Asia.com.
With Singapore planning to build 540 kilometers (335 miles) of railway lines by 2030, bus service will likely dwindle in significance. Major bus routes will be made redundant. Buses would be used only as less profitable feeder services that take commuters the short distances from the train station to their homes, some analysts say.
TIBS recognized this a few years back and tried to expand into the rail business on its own. It sent its senior executives abroad for training in rail-line management. Its hopes to diversify were shattered two years ago when it lost a bid to its bus rival, Singapore Bus Services, to run the North-East railway line, which will cut diagonally through the central part of the country and shorten commute times for people coming in and out of the city for work from their housing developments.
The next lifeline for TIBS would be the bidding for the Marina line at the end of this year, but the first phase of the railway line won' t be completed until 2005, according to the Land Transport Authority. When completed, the Marina line will stretch from the city center to the eastern part of Singapore. When linked with other rail projects in the pipeline, it will be possible for riders to reach virtually all parts of the island-state without having to come all the way into the city.
TIBS appeared to have few choices in the long run, some analysts say. An analyst at a foreign investment house says with coverage of only 20% of Singapore' s bus network, " it can' t survive on its own." After all, Singapore Bus Services covers the remaining 80% of the island network. Only a merger, or allowing TIBS to run the more profitable train lines, can keep it in business.
 
Enter SMRT.
The government in its 1996 White Paper on Land Transport explicitly encourages transportation companies to pursue a multichannel business model and urges them to consolidate to give Singapore " world-class transportation services." In May 1999, then-Communications Minister Mah Bow Tan said SMRT was merging with TIBS, a move that surprised the public and financial analysts. He quickly added that he was only speaking on behalf of SMRT. In the five months that followed, the two transport companies kept quiet about the terms of a possible merger deal. Local media reported that the two parties were haggling over the price of the deal, which was never publicized.
After that first bid failed, the government came out and said it wasn' t trying to force a wedding between TIBS and SMRT. But some analysts speculate that the government, which owns 67.2% of SMRT, did nudge forward this most recent bid.
From a purely commercial point of view, it is difficult for many financial analysts to see the benefits of merging the two companies. As the railway route expands and bus services become less vital to commuters' daily travels, SMRT would essentially be cannibalizing its newly acquired TIBS bus routes. " I' d actually be much happier if they looked overseas," says an analyst at a foreign investment house. " Why not look at Thailand or Malaysia?"
But if you believe that this merger is motivated by the Singapore government, Kwok-Wing Cheong of UBS Warburg says " there has to be something in it for SMRT... . You have to ask why one listed company should be making sacrifices for another listed company... . Obviously, it' s for the Marina line."
" If you think SMRT has done its homework, you will know that it' s a positive deal for them. It puts them in a good position to be awarded the Marina line," Mr. Cheong added.
And that means a steady rise in income for the railway company in the long run. For now, TIBS' s existing bus routes would compliment SMRT' s own night bus services, which operate from about midnight until 4 a.m., after the last MRT train runs.
Assuming the merger goes through -- TIBS' s main shareholder and managing director, Ng Ser Miang, who controls 41.2% of TIBS, has said he will vote in favor of it -- SMRT will instantly gain a bus ridership of about 800,000 a day, or roughly 25% of bus ridership on the island. The long-term benefits will likely offset an expected slowdown in SMRT earnings for fiscal year 2002, when SMRT has to pay a hefty sum back to the Land Transport Authority for its 30-year license to operate existing railway lines.
For G. K. Goh Securities, these factors are convincing enough to maintain a buy recommendation for SMRT. Besides, if you look at SMRT' s dividend policy of paying out 50% of its net profit, analysts say, it could be a good bet in this economic downturn. So even for analysts skeptical of the value of the TIBS-SMRT merger, the recommendation is to accumulate in the long-term.
 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:47) Posted:

sg highly speculative' s casino stocks
Market Summary  >   Singapore Airlines Ltd
7.49 SGD +0.070 (0.94%)
today
https://thesmartinvestor.com.sg/4-singapore-stocks-are-surging-to-their-52-week-highs-can-they-continue-to-do-well/

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:35) Posted:

the upper income class and the lower income class that only a small group will get help
https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0912/which-income-class-are-you.asp
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chartistkao1
Supreme
21-Jun-2023 10:47     
 
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 Alert Admin 		sg highly speculative' s casino stocks
Market Summary  >   Singapore Airlines Ltd
7.49 SGD +0.070 (0.94%)
today
https://thesmartinvestor.com.sg/4-singapore-stocks-are-surging-to-their-52-week-highs-can-they-continue-to-do-well/

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:35) Posted:

the upper income class and the lower income class that only a small group will get help
https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0912/which-income-class-are-you.aspx

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:28) Posted:

the high cost of too many rules over 1965 to 2023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxis_of_Singapore
 
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chartistkao1
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21-Jun-2023 10:35     
 
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 Alert Admin 		the upper income class and the lower income class that only a small group will get help
https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0912/which-income-class-are-you.aspx

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:28) Posted:

the high cost of too many rules over 1965 to 2023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxis_of_Singapore
 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:25) Posted:

inflation is going to stay in singapore no matter what we did as seen in the last 50 years in sg
https://remembersingapore.org/2014/10/02/the-evolution-of-singapore-taxis
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chartistkao1
Supreme
21-Jun-2023 10:28     
 
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 Alert Admin 		the high cost of too many rules over 1965 to 2023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxis_of_Singapore
 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:25) Posted:

inflation is going to stay in singapore no matter what we did as seen in the last 50 years in sg
https://remembersingapore.org/2014/10/02/the-evolution-of-singapore-taxis/

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:22) Posted:

How much was a taxi in the 90s?
 
 
1990 $1.50 first 1/5 mi. $0.25 per 1/5 mi. $0.25 per 75 sec. 1996 $2.00 first 1/5 mi.16 Jul 2012
living in a high cost sg
How much is a taxi in Singapore per km?
versus
 
Tariffs. Minimum fare and first km: between 3.20 SGD ( US$ 2.40) and 3.90 SGD ( US$ 2.90).2023
What is the average price of taxi in Singapore?
 
 
Taxi Fares in Singapore, Singapore
Transportation Edit
Taxi Start (Normal Tariff) 4.00S$
Taxi 1 mile (Normal Tariff) 1.61S$
Taxi 1hour Waiting (Normal Tariff) 20.00S$

vs


 


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chartistkao1
Supreme
21-Jun-2023 10:25     
 
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 Alert Admin 		inflation is going to stay in singapore no matter what we did as seen in the last 50 years in sg
https://remembersingapore.org/2014/10/02/the-evolution-of-singapore-taxis/

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:22) Posted:

How much was a taxi in the 90s?
 
 
1990 $1.50 first 1/5 mi. $0.25 per 1/5 mi. $0.25 per 75 sec. 1996 $2.00 first 1/5 mi.16 Jul 2012
living in a high cost sg
How much is a taxi in Singapore per km?
versus
 
Tariffs. Minimum fare and first km: between 3.20 SGD ( US$ 2.40) and 3.90 SGD ( US$ 2.90).2023
What is the average price of taxi in Singapore?
 
 
Taxi Fares in Singapore, Singapore
Transportation Edit
Taxi Start (Normal Tariff) 4.00S$
Taxi 1 mile (Normal Tariff) 1.61S$
Taxi 1hour Waiting (Normal Tariff) 20.00S$

vs


 


chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:17) Posted:

your theory of saving for the raing days or storms will not work any more with supply chain disrupted and de-risking(the money you save will  not be enough to cover plasticless situation)
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180705-whats-the-real-price-of-getting-rid-of-plastic-packagin
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chartistkao1
Supreme
21-Jun-2023 10:22     
 
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 Alert Admin
How much was a taxi in the 90s?
 
 
1990 $1.50 first 1/5 mi. $0.25 per 1/5 mi. $0.25 per 75 sec. 1996 $2.00 first 1/5 mi.16 Jul 2012
living in a high cost sg
How much is a taxi in Singapore per km?
versus
 
Tariffs. Minimum fare and first km: between 3.20 SGD ( US$ 2.40) and 3.90 SGD ( US$ 2.90).2023
What is the average price of taxi in Singapore?
 
 
Taxi Fares in Singapore, Singapore
Transportation Edit
Taxi Start (Normal Tariff) 4.00S$
Taxi 1 mile (Normal Tariff) 1.61S$
Taxi 1hour Waiting (Normal Tariff) 20.00S$

vs


 


chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:17) Posted:

your theory of saving for the raing days or storms will not work any more with supply chain disrupted and de-risking(the money you save will  not be enough to cover plasticless situation)
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180705-whats-the-real-price-of-getting-rid-of-plastic-packaging

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:13) Posted:

inflation is going to stay in sg after 3 july
https://www.thezoereport.com/living/cost-of-being-environmentally-friendly
 
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chartistkao1
Supreme
21-Jun-2023 10:17     
 
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 Alert Admin 		your theory of saving for the raing days or storms will not work any more with supply chain disrupted and de-risking(the money you save will  not be enough to cover plasticless situation)
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180705-whats-the-real-price-of-getting-rid-of-plastic-packaging

chartistkao1      ( Date: 21-Jun-2023 10:13) Posted:

inflation is going to stay in sg after 3 july
https://www.thezoereport.com/living/cost-of-being-environmentally-friendly
 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 15-Jun-2023 14:00) Posted:

In the past, Japan has intervened in the foreign exchange market to prevent excessive appreciation of the Japanese yen. A stronger yen would make Japanese exports more expensive, potentially harming their export-driven economy. By keeping the value of the yen lower compared to the dollar, Japanese products can remain competitive in the US market.
China, on the other hand, has implemented policies aimed at keeping its currency, the yuan or renminbi (RMB), relatively stable against the US dollar. This stability is partly achieved through China' s foreign exchange reserves, which are substantial. By managing the value of the yuan, China aims to maintain its export competitiveness while also balancing its domestic economic considerations.


now usdyen-141.17
usd cnh 7.167
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-us-japan-hold-missile-defence-drills-counter-north-korea-2023-04-17/

 
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chartistkao1
Supreme
21-Jun-2023 10:13     
 
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 Alert Admin 		inflation is going to stay in sg after 3 july
https://www.thezoereport.com/living/cost-of-being-environmentally-friendly
 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 15-Jun-2023 14:00) Posted:

In the past, Japan has intervened in the foreign exchange market to prevent excessive appreciation of the Japanese yen. A stronger yen would make Japanese exports more expensive, potentially harming their export-driven economy. By keeping the value of the yen lower compared to the dollar, Japanese products can remain competitive in the US market.
China, on the other hand, has implemented policies aimed at keeping its currency, the yuan or renminbi (RMB), relatively stable against the US dollar. This stability is partly achieved through China' s foreign exchange reserves, which are substantial. By managing the value of the yuan, China aims to maintain its export competitiveness while also balancing its domestic economic considerations.


now usdyen-141.17
usd cnh 7.167
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-us-japan-hold-missile-defence-drills-counter-north-korea-2023-04-17/

 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 15-Jun-2023 13:55) Posted:

japan and china lend us money and us recently buy up japan stock market and now Blinken going to china to discuss about livelihood
China. Japan has historically been a significant buyer of U.S. Treasury securities and has held a substantial amount of U.S. debt.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/largest-trading-partners-of-the-us/
 
https://www.thebalancemoney.com/who-owns-the-u-s-national-debt-3306124
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chartistkao1
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15-Jun-2023 14:00     
 
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 Alert Admin 		In the past, Japan has intervened in the foreign exchange market to prevent excessive appreciation of the Japanese yen. A stronger yen would make Japanese exports more expensive, potentially harming their export-driven economy. By keeping the value of the yen lower compared to the dollar, Japanese products can remain competitive in the US market.
China, on the other hand, has implemented policies aimed at keeping its currency, the yuan or renminbi (RMB), relatively stable against the US dollar. This stability is partly achieved through China' s foreign exchange reserves, which are substantial. By managing the value of the yuan, China aims to maintain its export competitiveness while also balancing its domestic economic considerations.


now usdyen-141.17
usd cnh 7.167
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/south-korea-us-japan-hold-missile-defence-drills-counter-north-korea-2023-04-17/

 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 15-Jun-2023 13:55) Posted:

japan and china lend us money and us recently buy up japan stock market and now Blinken going to china to discuss about livelihood
China. Japan has historically been a significant buyer of U.S. Treasury securities and has held a substantial amount of U.S. debt.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/largest-trading-partners-of-the-us/
 
https://www.thebalancemoney.com/who-owns-the-u-s-national-debt-3306124


chartistkao1      ( Date: 15-Jun-2023 13:49) Posted:

Investors in Japan and China hold significant shares of U.S. public debt. Together, as of September 2022, they accounted for nearly $2 trillion, or about 8 percent of DHBP. While China' s holdings of U.S. debt have declined over the past decade, Japan has slightly increased their purchases of U.S. Treasury securities.11 May 2023
 
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2023/05/the-federal-government-has-borrowed-trillions-but-who-owns-all-that-debt
 
https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/14/politics/blinken-china-announcement/index.html
 
https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-treasury-cash/treasury-targets-425-bln-june-cash-balance-to-start-post-debt-ceiling-replenishment-idUSL1N37Z2HX
 
US will order korea and japan to buy their us debts very very soon
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 Alert Admin 		japan and china lend us money and us recently buy up japan stock market and now Blinken going to china to discuss about livelihood
China. Japan has historically been a significant buyer of U.S. Treasury securities and has held a substantial amount of U.S. debt.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/largest-trading-partners-of-the-us/
 
https://www.thebalancemoney.com/who-owns-the-u-s-national-debt-3306124


chartistkao1      ( Date: 15-Jun-2023 13:49) Posted:

Investors in Japan and China hold significant shares of U.S. public debt. Together, as of September 2022, they accounted for nearly $2 trillion, or about 8 percent of DHBP. While China' s holdings of U.S. debt have declined over the past decade, Japan has slightly increased their purchases of U.S. Treasury securities.11 May 2023
 
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2023/05/the-federal-government-has-borrowed-trillions-but-who-owns-all-that-debt
 
https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/14/politics/blinken-china-announcement/index.html
 
https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-treasury-cash/treasury-targets-425-bln-june-cash-balance-to-start-post-debt-ceiling-replenishment-idUSL1N37Z2HX
 
US will order korea and japan to buy their us debts very very soon


chartistkao1      ( Date: 15-Jun-2023 13:45) Posted:

the United States and China indeed had a complex economic relationship. The United States has traditionally been one of the world' s largest importers, and China has been a major trading partner for the U.S. China has been the largest source of U.S. imports for many years, providing a wide range of goods to American consumers and businesses.
On the other hand, when you mention that China is one of the largest creditors of the United States, it likely refers to the ownership of U.S. government debt. China has been a significant buyer of U.S. Treasury securities, which are considered safe investments. As of my knowledge cutoff, China held a considerable amount of U.S. Treasury bonds, making it one of the largest foreign holders of U.S. debt.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/us-largest-trading-partners-2022/
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/treasury-department-may-issue-1-032015994.html





 
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 Alert Admin
Investors in Japan and China hold significant shares of U.S. public debt. Together, as of September 2022, they accounted for nearly $2 trillion, or about 8 percent of DHBP. While China' s holdings of U.S. debt have declined over the past decade, Japan has slightly increased their purchases of U.S. Treasury securities.11 May 2023
 
https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2023/05/the-federal-government-has-borrowed-trillions-but-who-owns-all-that-debt
 
https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/14/politics/blinken-china-announcement/index.html
 
https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-treasury-cash/treasury-targets-425-bln-june-cash-balance-to-start-post-debt-ceiling-replenishment-idUSL1N37Z2HX
 
US will order korea and japan to buy their us debts very very soon


chartistkao1      ( Date: 15-Jun-2023 13:45) Posted:

the United States and China indeed had a complex economic relationship. The United States has traditionally been one of the world' s largest importers, and China has been a major trading partner for the U.S. China has been the largest source of U.S. imports for many years, providing a wide range of goods to American consumers and businesses.
On the other hand, when you mention that China is one of the largest creditors of the United States, it likely refers to the ownership of U.S. government debt. China has been a significant buyer of U.S. Treasury securities, which are considered safe investments. As of my knowledge cutoff, China held a considerable amount of U.S. Treasury bonds, making it one of the largest foreign holders of U.S. debt.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/us-largest-trading-partners-2022/
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/treasury-department-may-issue-1-032015994.html





 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 13:04) Posted:

during periods of market exuberance or panic, investors may become overly optimistic or pessimistic about a particular security or the market as a whole. This can lead to overvaluation or undervaluation of securities, respectively, regardless of the underlying company' s fundamentals.
Additionally, cognitive biases such as anchoring, confirmation bias, or availability bias can cloud investors' judgment and distort their views. These biases may cause investors to rely on limited information or selectively interpret data that supports their existing beliefs, rather than objectively evaluating the underlying fundamentals.
Furthermore, market manipulation by certain individuals or groups can artificially influence the prices of securities, leading to deviations from their true values. This can occur through activities such as spreading false information, creating artificial demand or supply, or engaging in fraudulent practices.
Herd mentality also plays a significant role in market outcomes. When investors observe others' actions or follow prevailing trends without independent analysis, it can lead to exaggerated price movements that do not align with the underlying fundamentals. This can result in market bubbles or crashes, where prices deviate significantly from rational levels.
Overall, the distorted views and behaviors of individual market participants can create temporary discrepancies between security prices and underlying fundamentals. However, it is important to note that in the long run, fundamental factors such as a company' s financial performance, industry prospects, and macroeconomic conditions tend to have a stronger influence on security prices. Efficient markets theory suggests that over time, mispricings are corrected as new information becomes available and rational investors adjust their views accordingly.
https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/temasek-to-raise-stake-in-keppel-corp-to-51-with-735-per-share-offer

 
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 Alert Admin 		the United States and China indeed had a complex economic relationship. The United States has traditionally been one of the world' s largest importers, and China has been a major trading partner for the U.S. China has been the largest source of U.S. imports for many years, providing a wide range of goods to American consumers and businesses.
On the other hand, when you mention that China is one of the largest creditors of the United States, it likely refers to the ownership of U.S. government debt. China has been a significant buyer of U.S. Treasury securities, which are considered safe investments. As of my knowledge cutoff, China held a considerable amount of U.S. Treasury bonds, making it one of the largest foreign holders of U.S. debt.
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/us-largest-trading-partners-2022/
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/treasury-department-may-issue-1-032015994.html





 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 13:04) Posted:

during periods of market exuberance or panic, investors may become overly optimistic or pessimistic about a particular security or the market as a whole. This can lead to overvaluation or undervaluation of securities, respectively, regardless of the underlying company' s fundamentals.
Additionally, cognitive biases such as anchoring, confirmation bias, or availability bias can cloud investors' judgment and distort their views. These biases may cause investors to rely on limited information or selectively interpret data that supports their existing beliefs, rather than objectively evaluating the underlying fundamentals.
Furthermore, market manipulation by certain individuals or groups can artificially influence the prices of securities, leading to deviations from their true values. This can occur through activities such as spreading false information, creating artificial demand or supply, or engaging in fraudulent practices.
Herd mentality also plays a significant role in market outcomes. When investors observe others' actions or follow prevailing trends without independent analysis, it can lead to exaggerated price movements that do not align with the underlying fundamentals. This can result in market bubbles or crashes, where prices deviate significantly from rational levels.
Overall, the distorted views and behaviors of individual market participants can create temporary discrepancies between security prices and underlying fundamentals. However, it is important to note that in the long run, fundamental factors such as a company' s financial performance, industry prospects, and macroeconomic conditions tend to have a stronger influence on security prices. Efficient markets theory suggests that over time, mispricings are corrected as new information becomes available and rational investors adjust their views accordingly.
https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/temasek-to-raise-stake-in-keppel-corp-to-51-with-735-per-share-offer

 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 12:59) Posted:

Falling Market Liquidity: Market liquidity refers to the ease with which assets can be bought or sold without significantly affecting their prices. When there is ample liquidity, it is relatively easy to execute trades, and market participants can enter or exit positions without causing significant price movements. However, falling market liquidity occurs when the availability of buyers or sellers diminishes, making it more difficult to execute trades without impacting prices.
There can be various reasons for falling market liquidity. For instance, during periods of heightened market uncertainty or economic stress, investors may become more cautious and hold onto their assets, reducing the supply of sellers. Alternatively, a decrease in market liquidity can be a result of regulatory changes, such as restrictions on trading activities or changes in capital requirements for financial institutions.
Falling market liquidity can have several implications. It can increase transaction costs, widen bid-ask spreads (the difference between buying and selling prices), and make it harder for investors to execute trades at desired prices. Additionally, it can amplify market volatility and exacerbate price movements, especially when there is a sudden surge in selling pressure.
 
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 Alert Admin 		during periods of market exuberance or panic, investors may become overly optimistic or pessimistic about a particular security or the market as a whole. This can lead to overvaluation or undervaluation of securities, respectively, regardless of the underlying company' s fundamentals.
Additionally, cognitive biases such as anchoring, confirmation bias, or availability bias can cloud investors' judgment and distort their views. These biases may cause investors to rely on limited information or selectively interpret data that supports their existing beliefs, rather than objectively evaluating the underlying fundamentals.
Furthermore, market manipulation by certain individuals or groups can artificially influence the prices of securities, leading to deviations from their true values. This can occur through activities such as spreading false information, creating artificial demand or supply, or engaging in fraudulent practices.
Herd mentality also plays a significant role in market outcomes. When investors observe others' actions or follow prevailing trends without independent analysis, it can lead to exaggerated price movements that do not align with the underlying fundamentals. This can result in market bubbles or crashes, where prices deviate significantly from rational levels.
Overall, the distorted views and behaviors of individual market participants can create temporary discrepancies between security prices and underlying fundamentals. However, it is important to note that in the long run, fundamental factors such as a company' s financial performance, industry prospects, and macroeconomic conditions tend to have a stronger influence on security prices. Efficient markets theory suggests that over time, mispricings are corrected as new information becomes available and rational investors adjust their views accordingly.
https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/temasek-to-raise-stake-in-keppel-corp-to-51-with-735-per-share-offer

 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 12:59) Posted:

Falling Market Liquidity: Market liquidity refers to the ease with which assets can be bought or sold without significantly affecting their prices. When there is ample liquidity, it is relatively easy to execute trades, and market participants can enter or exit positions without causing significant price movements. However, falling market liquidity occurs when the availability of buyers or sellers diminishes, making it more difficult to execute trades without impacting prices.
There can be various reasons for falling market liquidity. For instance, during periods of heightened market uncertainty or economic stress, investors may become more cautious and hold onto their assets, reducing the supply of sellers. Alternatively, a decrease in market liquidity can be a result of regulatory changes, such as restrictions on trading activities or changes in capital requirements for financial institutions.
Falling market liquidity can have several implications. It can increase transaction costs, widen bid-ask spreads (the difference between buying and selling prices), and make it harder for investors to execute trades at desired prices. Additionally, it can amplify market volatility and exacerbate price movements, especially when there is a sudden surge in selling pressure.
 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 10:11) Posted:

  1. Increased Supply of T-Bills: When the government issues more T-bills, it increases the supply of these short-term debt instruments in the market. T-bills are considered safe and liquid investments, often used by investors as a risk-free asset or as a benchmark for other short-term interest rates.
  2. Impact on Interest Rates: The increased supply of T-bills can put downward pressure on their prices and, in turn, increase their yields or interest rates. As the yields on T-bills rise, it can affect other short-term interest rates in the economy. For example, banks and other financial institutions often use T-bill yields as a reference point for setting their own lending rates. Therefore, an increase in T-bill yields can lead to higher borrowing costs for businesses and individuals.
  3. Feedback Loop to the Economy: The impact of higher T-bill yields can have broader implications for the economy. Higher borrowing costs can discourage businesses and individuals from taking on new debt or making investments. This, in turn, can lead to a slowdown in economic activity, reduced consumer spending, and potentially lower corporate profits.
  4. Impact on Investor Behavior: As interest rates on T-bills rise, investors seeking safety and yield may be attracted to these instruments. The increased demand for T-bills can drive up their prices, leading to a decline in their yields. This can create a feedback loop where the increased demand for T-bills further lowers their yields, which may also influence other interest rates in the market.
  5. Impact on Currency and Capital Flows: When the issuance of T-bills increases, it can attract foreign investors who seek relatively safe investments and higher yields compared to their domestic markets. This can lead to an inflow of foreign capital, which may strengthen the domestic currency. A stronger currency can have implications for export competitiveness and international trade.
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 Alert Admin 		Falling Market Liquidity: Market liquidity refers to the ease with which assets can be bought or sold without significantly affecting their prices. When there is ample liquidity, it is relatively easy to execute trades, and market participants can enter or exit positions without causing significant price movements. However, falling market liquidity occurs when the availability of buyers or sellers diminishes, making it more difficult to execute trades without impacting prices.
There can be various reasons for falling market liquidity. For instance, during periods of heightened market uncertainty or economic stress, investors may become more cautious and hold onto their assets, reducing the supply of sellers. Alternatively, a decrease in market liquidity can be a result of regulatory changes, such as restrictions on trading activities or changes in capital requirements for financial institutions.
Falling market liquidity can have several implications. It can increase transaction costs, widen bid-ask spreads (the difference between buying and selling prices), and make it harder for investors to execute trades at desired prices. Additionally, it can amplify market volatility and exacerbate price movements, especially when there is a sudden surge in selling pressure.
 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 10:11) Posted:

  1. Increased Supply of T-Bills: When the government issues more T-bills, it increases the supply of these short-term debt instruments in the market. T-bills are considered safe and liquid investments, often used by investors as a risk-free asset or as a benchmark for other short-term interest rates.
  2. Impact on Interest Rates: The increased supply of T-bills can put downward pressure on their prices and, in turn, increase their yields or interest rates. As the yields on T-bills rise, it can affect other short-term interest rates in the economy. For example, banks and other financial institutions often use T-bill yields as a reference point for setting their own lending rates. Therefore, an increase in T-bill yields can lead to higher borrowing costs for businesses and individuals.
  3. Feedback Loop to the Economy: The impact of higher T-bill yields can have broader implications for the economy. Higher borrowing costs can discourage businesses and individuals from taking on new debt or making investments. This, in turn, can lead to a slowdown in economic activity, reduced consumer spending, and potentially lower corporate profits.
  4. Impact on Investor Behavior: As interest rates on T-bills rise, investors seeking safety and yield may be attracted to these instruments. The increased demand for T-bills can drive up their prices, leading to a decline in their yields. This can create a feedback loop where the increased demand for T-bills further lowers their yields, which may also influence other interest rates in the market.
  5. Impact on Currency and Capital Flows: When the issuance of T-bills increases, it can attract foreign investors who seek relatively safe investments and higher yields compared to their domestic markets. This can lead to an inflow of foreign capital, which may strengthen the domestic currency. A stronger currency can have implications for export competitiveness and international trade.


chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 10:03) Posted:

Reflexivity can also apply to the relationship between reflexivity and the value of the US dollar in foreign exchange markets. The US dollar is one of the most widely traded currencies in the world, and its value is influenced by a variety of factors, including economic indicators, interest rates, geopolitical events, and market sentiment.
Reflexivity suggests that participants' beliefs and actions in the foreign exchange market can impact the value of the US dollar, and conversely, the value of the US dollar can influence participants' beliefs and actions. Here' s how reflexivity can affect the US dollar:
  1. Beliefs and Market Behavior: Participants in the foreign exchange market form beliefs about the US dollar' s value based on a range of factors, including economic data, monetary policy, and geopolitical developments. These beliefs can influence their buying or selling of US dollars. For example, if investors believe that the US economy is strong and likely to grow, they may buy US dollars, increasing its demand and potentially strengthening its value.
  2. Feedback Loop: Market participants' actions, influenced by their beliefs, can impact the supply and demand dynamics of the US dollar. If investors buy more US dollars, the increased demand can lead to an appreciation in its value. Conversely, if investors sell US dollars due to negative perceptions, it can lead to a depreciation.
  3. Impact on Beliefs: Changes in the value of the US dollar can feed back into participants' beliefs. A strong US dollar can reinforce positive sentiment, leading investors to believe that it will continue to appreciate. Conversely, a weakening US dollar can lead to negative sentiment, causing investors to believe it will further depreciate.
  4. Market Dynamics: The feedback loop created by reflexivity can lead to self-reinforcing trends in the foreign exchange market. For example, if market participants collectively believe that the US dollar is weakening, they may sell more of it, causing a further decline in its value. This can create a cycle where the weakening US dollar reinforces negative sentiment and leads to continued selling pressure.
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 Alert Admin
  1. Increased Supply of T-Bills: When the government issues more T-bills, it increases the supply of these short-term debt instruments in the market. T-bills are considered safe and liquid investments, often used by investors as a risk-free asset or as a benchmark for other short-term interest rates.
  2. Impact on Interest Rates: The increased supply of T-bills can put downward pressure on their prices and, in turn, increase their yields or interest rates. As the yields on T-bills rise, it can affect other short-term interest rates in the economy. For example, banks and other financial institutions often use T-bill yields as a reference point for setting their own lending rates. Therefore, an increase in T-bill yields can lead to higher borrowing costs for businesses and individuals.
  3. Feedback Loop to the Economy: The impact of higher T-bill yields can have broader implications for the economy. Higher borrowing costs can discourage businesses and individuals from taking on new debt or making investments. This, in turn, can lead to a slowdown in economic activity, reduced consumer spending, and potentially lower corporate profits.
  4. Impact on Investor Behavior: As interest rates on T-bills rise, investors seeking safety and yield may be attracted to these instruments. The increased demand for T-bills can drive up their prices, leading to a decline in their yields. This can create a feedback loop where the increased demand for T-bills further lowers their yields, which may also influence other interest rates in the market.
  5. Impact on Currency and Capital Flows: When the issuance of T-bills increases, it can attract foreign investors who seek relatively safe investments and higher yields compared to their domestic markets. This can lead to an inflow of foreign capital, which may strengthen the domestic currency. A stronger currency can have implications for export competitiveness and international trade.


chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 10:03) Posted:

Reflexivity can also apply to the relationship between reflexivity and the value of the US dollar in foreign exchange markets. The US dollar is one of the most widely traded currencies in the world, and its value is influenced by a variety of factors, including economic indicators, interest rates, geopolitical events, and market sentiment.
Reflexivity suggests that participants' beliefs and actions in the foreign exchange market can impact the value of the US dollar, and conversely, the value of the US dollar can influence participants' beliefs and actions. Here' s how reflexivity can affect the US dollar:
  1. Beliefs and Market Behavior: Participants in the foreign exchange market form beliefs about the US dollar' s value based on a range of factors, including economic data, monetary policy, and geopolitical developments. These beliefs can influence their buying or selling of US dollars. For example, if investors believe that the US economy is strong and likely to grow, they may buy US dollars, increasing its demand and potentially strengthening its value.
  2. Feedback Loop: Market participants' actions, influenced by their beliefs, can impact the supply and demand dynamics of the US dollar. If investors buy more US dollars, the increased demand can lead to an appreciation in its value. Conversely, if investors sell US dollars due to negative perceptions, it can lead to a depreciation.
  3. Impact on Beliefs: Changes in the value of the US dollar can feed back into participants' beliefs. A strong US dollar can reinforce positive sentiment, leading investors to believe that it will continue to appreciate. Conversely, a weakening US dollar can lead to negative sentiment, causing investors to believe it will further depreciate.
  4. Market Dynamics: The feedback loop created by reflexivity can lead to self-reinforcing trends in the foreign exchange market. For example, if market participants collectively believe that the US dollar is weakening, they may sell more of it, causing a further decline in its value. This can create a cycle where the weakening US dollar reinforces negative sentiment and leads to continued selling pressure.


chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 10:00) Posted:

In the context of the stock market, reflexivity suggests that market participants' perceptions and actions can impact stock prices and market trends. Here' s a simplified explanation of how reflexivity can affect the stock market:
  1. Reflexivity and Investors' Beliefs: Investors' perceptions, beliefs, and biases play a crucial role in shaping their actions in the stock market. These beliefs can be based on various factors, such as fundamental analysis, technical analysis, news events, or even emotions and sentiment.
  2. Impact on Market Behavior: Investors' actions, influenced by their beliefs, can affect the supply and demand dynamics of stocks. For example, if investors believe a stock is undervalued, they may buy more shares, driving up the price. Conversely, if investors believe a stock is overvalued, they may sell, causing the price to decline.
  3. Feedback Loop: Market prices, driven by investors' actions, can then feed back into their beliefs, potentially reinforcing or altering their perceptions. If a stock' s price rises sharply, investors may perceive it as a sign of positive momentum and further increase their buying, driving the price even higher. Similarly, a significant decline in price may lead investors to believe the stock is losing value, triggering more selling.
  4. Cascading Effects: The feedback loop created by reflexivity can lead to cascading effects in the stock market. For example, a self-reinforcing cycle of positive sentiment and rising prices, known as a bullish market, can create a speculative bubble. Conversely, a cycle of negative sentiment and declining prices, known as a bearish market, can lead to panic selling and further price drops.
It' s important to note that reflexivity is just one aspect of market behavior and is often intertwined with other factors, such as economic fundamentals, company performance, and external events. While reflexivity acknowledges the influence of investors' perceptions, it does not discount the role of objective reality. Market participants' beliefs can temporarily deviate from fundamentals, but eventually, market forces tend to correct such imbalances.
Understanding reflexivity can be valuable for investors and market participants as it highlights the importance of psychological factors and the potential for market trends to become self-reinforcing. However, it is worth noting that the stock market is a complex system influenced by multiple variables, making it challenging to predict or fully capture its behavior.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_euro
 
 
 


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chartistkao1
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 Alert Admin 		Reflexivity can also apply to the relationship between reflexivity and the value of the US dollar in foreign exchange markets. The US dollar is one of the most widely traded currencies in the world, and its value is influenced by a variety of factors, including economic indicators, interest rates, geopolitical events, and market sentiment.
Reflexivity suggests that participants' beliefs and actions in the foreign exchange market can impact the value of the US dollar, and conversely, the value of the US dollar can influence participants' beliefs and actions. Here' s how reflexivity can affect the US dollar:
  1. Beliefs and Market Behavior: Participants in the foreign exchange market form beliefs about the US dollar' s value based on a range of factors, including economic data, monetary policy, and geopolitical developments. These beliefs can influence their buying or selling of US dollars. For example, if investors believe that the US economy is strong and likely to grow, they may buy US dollars, increasing its demand and potentially strengthening its value.
  2. Feedback Loop: Market participants' actions, influenced by their beliefs, can impact the supply and demand dynamics of the US dollar. If investors buy more US dollars, the increased demand can lead to an appreciation in its value. Conversely, if investors sell US dollars due to negative perceptions, it can lead to a depreciation.
  3. Impact on Beliefs: Changes in the value of the US dollar can feed back into participants' beliefs. A strong US dollar can reinforce positive sentiment, leading investors to believe that it will continue to appreciate. Conversely, a weakening US dollar can lead to negative sentiment, causing investors to believe it will further depreciate.
  4. Market Dynamics: The feedback loop created by reflexivity can lead to self-reinforcing trends in the foreign exchange market. For example, if market participants collectively believe that the US dollar is weakening, they may sell more of it, causing a further decline in its value. This can create a cycle where the weakening US dollar reinforces negative sentiment and leads to continued selling pressure.


chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 10:00) Posted:

In the context of the stock market, reflexivity suggests that market participants' perceptions and actions can impact stock prices and market trends. Here' s a simplified explanation of how reflexivity can affect the stock market:
  1. Reflexivity and Investors' Beliefs: Investors' perceptions, beliefs, and biases play a crucial role in shaping their actions in the stock market. These beliefs can be based on various factors, such as fundamental analysis, technical analysis, news events, or even emotions and sentiment.
  2. Impact on Market Behavior: Investors' actions, influenced by their beliefs, can affect the supply and demand dynamics of stocks. For example, if investors believe a stock is undervalued, they may buy more shares, driving up the price. Conversely, if investors believe a stock is overvalued, they may sell, causing the price to decline.
  3. Feedback Loop: Market prices, driven by investors' actions, can then feed back into their beliefs, potentially reinforcing or altering their perceptions. If a stock' s price rises sharply, investors may perceive it as a sign of positive momentum and further increase their buying, driving the price even higher. Similarly, a significant decline in price may lead investors to believe the stock is losing value, triggering more selling.
  4. Cascading Effects: The feedback loop created by reflexivity can lead to cascading effects in the stock market. For example, a self-reinforcing cycle of positive sentiment and rising prices, known as a bullish market, can create a speculative bubble. Conversely, a cycle of negative sentiment and declining prices, known as a bearish market, can lead to panic selling and further price drops.
It' s important to note that reflexivity is just one aspect of market behavior and is often intertwined with other factors, such as economic fundamentals, company performance, and external events. While reflexivity acknowledges the influence of investors' perceptions, it does not discount the role of objective reality. Market participants' beliefs can temporarily deviate from fundamentals, but eventually, market forces tend to correct such imbalances.
Understanding reflexivity can be valuable for investors and market participants as it highlights the importance of psychological factors and the potential for market trends to become self-reinforcing. However, it is worth noting that the stock market is a complex system influenced by multiple variables, making it challenging to predict or fully capture its behavior.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_euro
 
 
 


chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 09:53) Posted:

In financial markets, reflexivity suggests that market participants' biases, perceptions, and actions can affect asset prices and market conditions. Soros argued that these market participants do not passively observe and respond to market fundamentals instead, their own biases and expectations shape market outcomes. This reflexivity can lead to self-reinforcing or self-correcting cycles in markets, which may result in booms and busts.
Soros also applied the theory of reflexivity to social and political phenomena. He argued that people' s biased interpretations and actions can influence the dynamics of societies and institutions. For example, if a group of people believes that a particular financial institution is going to fail and starts withdrawing their funds, their actions can create a self-fulfilling prophecy, leading to the institution' s collapse.
Critics of the theory of reflexivity argue that it places too much emphasis on subjective perceptions and neglects the importance of objective factors in determining market outcomes. They argue that market fundamentals and external events play a more significant role in shaping market behavior than individual beliefs and biases.
Overall, the theory of reflexivity suggests that in complex systems, such as financial markets and society, there is an interplay between people' s beliefs and the reality they seek to understand. This feedback loop can create both positive and negative feedback effects, leading to potentially unpredictable outcomes.
https://news.metal.com/newscontent/102228350/imf-says-us-dollar-will-remain-the-global-reserve-currency-despite-de-dollarisation
Dutch guilder

The currency was decimalised in 1817 with one guilder being comprised of 100 cents.


 
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chartistkao1
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14-Jun-2023 10:00     
 
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In the context of the stock market, reflexivity suggests that market participants' perceptions and actions can impact stock prices and market trends. Here' s a simplified explanation of how reflexivity can affect the stock market:
  1. Reflexivity and Investors' Beliefs: Investors' perceptions, beliefs, and biases play a crucial role in shaping their actions in the stock market. These beliefs can be based on various factors, such as fundamental analysis, technical analysis, news events, or even emotions and sentiment.
  2. Impact on Market Behavior: Investors' actions, influenced by their beliefs, can affect the supply and demand dynamics of stocks. For example, if investors believe a stock is undervalued, they may buy more shares, driving up the price. Conversely, if investors believe a stock is overvalued, they may sell, causing the price to decline.
  3. Feedback Loop: Market prices, driven by investors' actions, can then feed back into their beliefs, potentially reinforcing or altering their perceptions. If a stock' s price rises sharply, investors may perceive it as a sign of positive momentum and further increase their buying, driving the price even higher. Similarly, a significant decline in price may lead investors to believe the stock is losing value, triggering more selling.
  4. Cascading Effects: The feedback loop created by reflexivity can lead to cascading effects in the stock market. For example, a self-reinforcing cycle of positive sentiment and rising prices, known as a bullish market, can create a speculative bubble. Conversely, a cycle of negative sentiment and declining prices, known as a bearish market, can lead to panic selling and further price drops.
It' s important to note that reflexivity is just one aspect of market behavior and is often intertwined with other factors, such as economic fundamentals, company performance, and external events. While reflexivity acknowledges the influence of investors' perceptions, it does not discount the role of objective reality. Market participants' beliefs can temporarily deviate from fundamentals, but eventually, market forces tend to correct such imbalances.
Understanding reflexivity can be valuable for investors and market participants as it highlights the importance of psychological factors and the potential for market trends to become self-reinforcing. However, it is worth noting that the stock market is a complex system influenced by multiple variables, making it challenging to predict or fully capture its behavior.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_euro
 
 
 


chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 09:53) Posted:

In financial markets, reflexivity suggests that market participants' biases, perceptions, and actions can affect asset prices and market conditions. Soros argued that these market participants do not passively observe and respond to market fundamentals instead, their own biases and expectations shape market outcomes. This reflexivity can lead to self-reinforcing or self-correcting cycles in markets, which may result in booms and busts.
Soros also applied the theory of reflexivity to social and political phenomena. He argued that people' s biased interpretations and actions can influence the dynamics of societies and institutions. For example, if a group of people believes that a particular financial institution is going to fail and starts withdrawing their funds, their actions can create a self-fulfilling prophecy, leading to the institution' s collapse.
Critics of the theory of reflexivity argue that it places too much emphasis on subjective perceptions and neglects the importance of objective factors in determining market outcomes. They argue that market fundamentals and external events play a more significant role in shaping market behavior than individual beliefs and biases.
Overall, the theory of reflexivity suggests that in complex systems, such as financial markets and society, there is an interplay between people' s beliefs and the reality they seek to understand. This feedback loop can create both positive and negative feedback effects, leading to potentially unpredictable outcomes.
https://news.metal.com/newscontent/102228350/imf-says-us-dollar-will-remain-the-global-reserve-currency-despite-de-dollarisation
Dutch guilder

The currency was decimalised in 1817 with one guilder being comprised of 100 cents.


 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 09:46) Posted:

I can state the core idea in two relatively simple propositions. One is that in situations that have thinking participants, the participants' view of the world is always partial and distorted. That is the principle of fallibility. The other is that these distorted views can influence the situation to which they relate because false views lead to inappropriate actions. That is the principle of reflexivity."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurodollar
https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/dedollarization-dollar-dominance-janet-yellen-usd-global-reserve-share-decline-2023-6
 


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chartistkao1
Supreme
14-Jun-2023 09:53     
 
chartistkao1 About Contact  Quote this Post!  
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 Alert Admin 		In financial markets, reflexivity suggests that market participants' biases, perceptions, and actions can affect asset prices and market conditions. Soros argued that these market participants do not passively observe and respond to market fundamentals instead, their own biases and expectations shape market outcomes. This reflexivity can lead to self-reinforcing or self-correcting cycles in markets, which may result in booms and busts.
Soros also applied the theory of reflexivity to social and political phenomena. He argued that people' s biased interpretations and actions can influence the dynamics of societies and institutions. For example, if a group of people believes that a particular financial institution is going to fail and starts withdrawing their funds, their actions can create a self-fulfilling prophecy, leading to the institution' s collapse.
Critics of the theory of reflexivity argue that it places too much emphasis on subjective perceptions and neglects the importance of objective factors in determining market outcomes. They argue that market fundamentals and external events play a more significant role in shaping market behavior than individual beliefs and biases.
Overall, the theory of reflexivity suggests that in complex systems, such as financial markets and society, there is an interplay between people' s beliefs and the reality they seek to understand. This feedback loop can create both positive and negative feedback effects, leading to potentially unpredictable outcomes.
https://news.metal.com/newscontent/102228350/imf-says-us-dollar-will-remain-the-global-reserve-currency-despite-de-dollarisation
Dutch guilder

The currency was decimalised in 1817 with one guilder being comprised of 100 cents.


 

chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 09:46) Posted:

I can state the core idea in two relatively simple propositions. One is that in situations that have thinking participants, the participants' view of the world is always partial and distorted. That is the principle of fallibility. The other is that these distorted views can influence the situation to which they relate because false views lead to inappropriate actions. That is the principle of reflexivity."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurodollar
https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/dedollarization-dollar-dominance-janet-yellen-usd-global-reserve-share-decline-2023-6
 


chartistkao1      ( Date: 14-Jun-2023 09:40) Posted:

now we have japan ,us and china trade using law of relexivity as US sell trillions of t-bills to riase money for the us government
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/why-george-soros-theory-reflexivity-163813004.html
After a decade of preparations, the euro was launched on 1 January 1999: for the first three years it was an ' invisible' currency, only used for accounting purposes and electronic payments. Coins and banknotes were launched on 1 January 2002, and in 12 EU countries the biggest cash changeover in history took place.
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